Brick kiln



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G. J, HOLMAN.

BRICK KILN.

' No. 532,154. Patented Jan. 8,1895.

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(J. J. HOLMAN. BRICK KILN.

IN0.'532,154. Patented Jan.8, 1895.

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BRICKyKILN.

No. 532,154. Patented Jan.'* 8, 1895.

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r 0, J. HOLMAN'. BRICK KILN.

110,532,154 Patented Jan. 8, 1895-.

f UNITED wStatus CHARLES J. HoLuAN, or

SERGEANT BLUFFS, IowA.

BRlCK KlLN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 532,154, dated January 8, 1895.

/ Application filed August 6,1894.

To all whom it may concern: 2 Be it known that 1, CHARLES J. HOLMAN, a

citizen of the United 'States, residing at- Ser geant Bluffs, in the county of Woodbury and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick-Kilns; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertainsto make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. p

My invention relates to brick kilns having the down draft feature, and its object is to provide a new and improved kiln which is simple in construction, effective and durable in operation, and serves to burn thelbricks efiectively and uniformly throughout. This improved kiln is preferably made in circular form, It is well known that the weakest part of kilns is at the center, and that in most kilns now in use the tendency of the heatis toward the outside, while a great part of the heat passes directly to the chimneys. In my improved kiln the draft is conducted through the brick at all points of thekil n, and to the center before reaching the main flues leading to the chimneys in the outside walls, which results in the utilization and equal distribution of all the heat.

Reference is now had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. 7 s

Figure 1 is a quarter section plan view, in which the quarter section bounded by lines. 1 and 3 is taken about two feet above the bottom of the outside walls of the kiln, and

shows the walls of the concentric times in.

section. That bounded by lines2 and 3 is taken at the top of the concentric flues, and about two feet and ten inches above the bottomof the outside walls. That bounded by.

lines 2 and at shows the top of the floor and is taken about three feet and two. inches 1 above the bottom of the outside walls. 'That 5o bounded by lines 4 and 1 is taken'below the bottom of the concentric fiues' and about six':

Serial No. 519.563. (No mam teen inches above the bottom of the outside walls, and shows the Walls of one of .the quarter dues in section.

door, iron bands, and at one point the furnace left 01f to indicate the manner. of build ing outside wall readyto receive the furnace. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of kiln on line 1-2, Fig. 1, the bag walls of two of the furnaces being omitted. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional View of kiln on lines 3-5 6-7, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of kiln, partly in floor and section through furnace. Fig. 6 is circular flues beneath.

resents the outside walls of the kiln inclos ing the chamber; A, the roof, and B B the chimneys in the outside walls, one chimney being at the outer extremity of each of the when the furnace doors are opened.

the bottom, each of said fines extending about two thirds of the distance across the kiln and lapping past the other at the center. This creates a double flue at the center and greatly increases the draft at that point.. I

F F F F areflues leading from theoutside flues at the center, and, with the main flues, dividing the kiln into six nearly equal parts. The fines F F, &c.,, are called quarter flu'es.

1 GG G G, &c.,constitute a. system of concentric, or ring, fl-ueslocated'directly beneath "the-floorfof the kiln and leadinginto the quar- Fig. 2 is a view of kiln inexterior elevation, showing furnaces,

section, showing construction of flues and.

an enlarged view of floor brick showing sec-' tion removed to permit the draft to enter the Referring now to the illustratious, Areptwo main flues. 7

They also exclude. cold drafts which might enter the chamber E E are the two main flues which lead to the chimneys through the center of the kiln at wall through the concentric flues to the main ter fines. The quarter fines cut through the ring fines, but being deeper than the latter extend somewhat below them.

The ring fines open into the quarter fines at all their intersections. At the center of the chamber the cross fines G G G, &c., take the place of the ring fines, and extend directly across the kiln beneath the fioor and over the main fines at right angles tothe latter, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, but unlike most'of the ring fines openinto the main fines directly. The concentric fines which cross the main fines where the latter lap at the center open into the main fines from both sides,

but those nearer the circumference of the kiln where the main fines do not lap, enter the main fines from alternate sides. A narrow wall, e, is built in the openings of these fines and slopes from near the fioor at the outside wall to the bottom of the ring fines near the center. Thus a small portion of the draft enters the 'main fines without reaching the center and tends to equalize the heat throughout the kiln, as the quarter fines are much farther apart at these points, while the sloping walls gradually shut oft the draft toward the circumference and cause it toincrease as it nears the center.

H H H H, &c., is the floor of the kiln, which is composed of bricks laid upon the walls of the ring fines, the bricks having cut-out portions through which the draft from the furnaces enters the fines beneath.

a a a are iron covers for openings in the roof of the kiln.

b b are sliding dampers in the chimneys.

By closing one of the dampers all the heat from that side of the kiln can be made to pass over the center, as all the draft is led to the fines on the side of the open chimney. This is sometimes done to draw all the heat over the center, and places the kiln more fully under control of the burner.

c c c c are peep holes entering the walls at different heights and enable the burner to gage the temperature of the heated brick.

d d are the grate bars of the furnaces.

e is the wall between the two main fines and is called the dead wall. This wall extends upward to the floor of the kiln and separates the cross fines G G, as shown in Fig. 3.

ffff are the outer openings of the quarter fines. These fines extend without the wall of the kiln where they turn upward and open into the air. They are covered during the burning of the brick, when the covers may be removed to permit the kiln to more rapidly cool.

g g g g are the openings from the furnaces into the kiln.

h h h h are iron doors opening into the furnaces.

z 'i c' are iron bands encircling the outer wall, and Fig. 2, shows a screw in one of the bands for tightening the same.

k is an open space in the wall through which the kiln may be entered to place and remove the brick.

It will be noticed that the greater part of the draft at the circumference of the kiln enters the ring fines and is conducted around the kiln to the quarter fines, thence to the main fines at the center, through which it passes to the chimneys. The center being naturally the weakest part of the kiln, the heat after being distributed through the brick, is concentrated at that point by means of the quarter fines, the main fines lapping at the centerand creating a, double fine, and by the cross fines entering directly the main I am aware that there are kilns now in use having concentric fines leading directly into main fines and main fines leading from the center of the kiln to chimneys on the outside, but I know of none possessing the advantages above set forth.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with a chamber, furnaces at the outer walls of the chamber, open fioor and chimneys, of concentric fines beneath the chamber fioor, and main fines extending partly across the kiln, lapping past each other and forming a double fine at the center and leading to chimneys in the outer wall, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a chamber, furnaces at the outer wall of the chamber, bag walls, open fioor and chimneys, of concentric fines beneath the chamber fioor, fines leading from said concentric fines and extending radially from the circumference of the kiln to main fines at the center, and main fines extending partly across the kiln, lapping each other at the center and leading to chimneys in the outer wall, substantially as described.

3. The combination with the chamber, furnaces, bag walls, open fioor andchimneys, of concentric fines beneath the chamber fioor,

. quarter fines leading from the concentric fines and extending radially from the circumference of the kiln to main fines at the center,

main fines extending partly across the kiln,

- lapping each other at the cent-er and leading a to chimneys in outer wall, and cross fines at the center of the kiln beneath the chamber 'fioor and leading directly into said main fines, substantially as described.

4. The combination with a chamber, furnaces, bag walls open floor and chimneys, the furnaces located at the outer walls of the 7 wall separating said main fines and extending upward to the floor of the chamber, cross fines at the center of the kiln beneath the chamber floor'and leading directly into the main fines on each side of said wall, the concentric fines which cross the main double fines leading directly into said fines on each side of said wall, and those at the outside of the main double fines having openings into said main double fines on alternate sides, and a wall in said openings of said concentric flnes sloping from the outside wall of the kiln downward to the bottom of the concentric fines near the center, substantially as described;

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' CHARLES J. HOLMAN.

Witnesses:

.H. O. GARDINER, F. W. LOHR. 

